Difference between Kennel Cough and Upper Respiratory Infection

Kennel cough and upper respiratory infection are two common conditions that affect dogs, often causing discomfort and concern for pet owners. While both conditions involve the respiratory system, they have distinct symptoms, causes, and treatments. Understanding the difference between kennel cough and upper respiratory infection is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Kennel Cough

Kennel cough, also known as canine cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica, as well as other viruses and bacteria. The name “kennel cough” originates from the fact that the disease spreads rapidly in crowded environments, such as kennels, shelters, and dog parks. Dogs of any age and breed can contract kennel cough, but puppies and older dogs are more susceptible.

The primary symptom of kennel cough is a hacking, honking, or dry cough that may sound like a dog is trying to clear its throat. This cough is often accompanied by a mild fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite. In some cases, dogs may also experience nasal discharge, sneezing, and eye irritation. Kennel cough typically resolves on its own within a few weeks, but it can lead to more serious complications if left untreated.

Upper Respiratory Infection

Upper respiratory infection (URI) is a broader term that encompasses a range of conditions affecting the upper respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and sinuses. While kennel cough is a specific type of URI, there are other causes of URI in dogs, such as canine influenza, canine herpesvirus, and canine distemper.

The symptoms of URI can vary widely, but common signs include sneezing, nasal discharge (which may be clear, white, or yellow), coughing, and eye discharge. Dogs with URI may also exhibit lethargy, loss of appetite, and a fever. URI can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, and it can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected dog, as well as through the air and contaminated objects.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing the difference between kennel cough and upper respiratory infection often requires a veterinarian to perform a physical examination and possibly a series of tests, such as a nasal swab or blood work. Treatment for both conditions typically involves supportive care, including rest, hydration, and symptom management.

Kennel cough may be treated with antibiotics if a secondary bacterial infection is present, but most cases resolve without medication. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent kennel cough, as it reduces the severity and duration of the disease.

URI treatment depends on the underlying cause. Antiviral or antibiotic medications may be prescribed for viral or bacterial infections, respectively. In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and improve breathing.

Prevention

Preventing both kennel cough and upper respiratory infection involves a combination of vaccination, proper hygiene, and avoiding exposure to infected dogs. Keeping your dog up to date on vaccinations, especially the Bordetella and canine influenza vaccines, can significantly reduce the risk of infection. It’s also important to keep your dog’s living environment clean and to avoid exposing them to other dogs who may be sick.

Understanding the difference between kennel cough and upper respiratory infection can help pet owners recognize the signs of illness early and seek appropriate veterinary care. By taking proactive steps to prevent these conditions, you can ensure your dog remains healthy and happy.